Melhorando a competência de estudantes de enfermagem na elaboração de planos de cuidados através da aprendizagem baseada em casos
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Resumo
Enquadramento: A aprendizagem baseada em casos (ABC) tem sido proposta como abordagem de aprendizagem ativa para reforçar o raciocínio clínico e aproximar a teoria da prática no ensino de enfermagem. A evidência proveniente do Camboja é escassa e a limitação de recursos pode condicionar a sua implementação.
Objetivo: Este estudo piloto explorou as alterações na competência autoavaliada para elaborar planos de cuidados de enfermagem (PCE) em estudantes do terceiro ano, antes e depois de uma unidade curricular de Enfermagem do Adulto 2 baseada em casos.
Método: Estudo piloto com um único grupo e avaliação de pré-teste e pós-teste (relato segundo a TREND), realizado na Universidade de Puthisastra entre novembro de 2024 e fevereiro de 2025. Dos 50 estudantes recrutados, 48 concluíram o pré-teste e 44 concluíram ambas as avaliações (análise emparelhada). A competência foi autoavaliada com um questionário de 20 itens em khmer (escala de Likert de 5 pontos; pontuação de 20 a 100; seis subescalas). As pontuações foram comparadas com o teste de Wilcoxon dos postos sinalizados e a dimensão do efeito foi estimada por r = Z/√n pares.
Resultados: A pontuação global de PCE aumentou de 58,22 ± 8,63 para 68,00 ± 11,64 (Z = 3,51; p < 0,001; r = 0,53). Todas as seis subescalas foram superiores no pós-teste (p de < 0,001 a 0,012; r = 0,38–0,56).
Conclusão: A competência autoavaliada na elaboração de PCE foi superior após a unidade curricular baseada em casos. Sem grupo de comparação, a alteração não pode ser atribuída apenas à ABC; são necessários estudos controlados com resultados avaliados por observadores.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
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